DETERMINATION OF THEOBROMINE LEVELS IN CHOCOLATE BEVERAGE POWDER BY HPLC METHOD
Abstract
Chocolate drinks are one of the processed chocolate products that are popular among the people. Chocolate has a variety of active compounds including protein, fat, carbohydrates, polyphenol compounds, flavonoids and methylxanthine. Theobromine or 3,7-dimethylxanthine is the main ingredient in chocolate which belongs to the methylxanthine alkaloid group. This theobromine has a pharmacological effect as a stimulant. The purpose of this study was to determine theobromine levels contained in chocolate drink powder using the HPLC method. The sample used is chocolate drink beverage in the Umbulharjo Sub-District of Yogyakarta. Qualitative tests were carried out by the Parry test, the Murexide test, and comparing the retention times of samples to theobromine standards. Quantitative analysis was carried out using HPLC instruments with the mobile phase of methanol : water (40:60 v/v) with flow rate of 0.8 mL/minute, running time of 10 minutes, at λ 275 nm and stationary phase C18. Theobromine qualitative test showed that the sample contained theobromine with the Parry test is green solution, and in the Murexide test is violet red as well as the produced a relatively similar retention time of 5,789 minutes for the standard and 5,872 minutes for the sample. The average theobromine level of the three samples per dose for one cup of chocolate beverage was (18,0433 ± 0,8298) mg, (21,1753 ± 0,8716) mg, dan (32,1292 ± 1,4765) mg. Theobromine content of each sample was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis with a confidence level of 95% and the results showed a significant difference with a significance value of 0.002 <0.005. From the results of the study concluded that the sample contains theobromine which is a distinctive compound which is contained in chocolate.
Â
Keywords
The copyright of the published manuscript belongs to the Author, while JFKS is given the right to publish and reproduce in part or in whole. All articles published by JFKS are open access content under the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The author retains the copyright and the journal publishing rights simultaneously by granting a license under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows others to share the work with a statement of authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and permitted to save their articles on institutional repositories or on their websites, as well as other online repositories after articles are published on JFKS.
Downloads
References
- Alvi, S. N., dan Hammami, M., 2011, Validated HPLC Method for Determination of Caffeine Level in Human Plasma Using Synthetic Plasma : Application to Bioavailability Studies. Journal Chromatogr. Sci, 292-296.
- Anonim, 2006. The United State Pharmacopeia, 29th Ed., 3050-3053, United State Pharmacopeia Convention Inc., Rockville Harmita., 2004, Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Validasi Metode dan Cara Perhitungannya, Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian, 1(3) : 117-135
- Czech, K., Johnson, A., and Rodeberg, N., 2011, Simultaneous Determination Of Caffeine And Theobromine In Local Area Coffee Brews, Concordia College Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2 : 17–22.
- Gandjar, I.G., dan Rohman, A., 2007, Kimia Farmasi Analisis, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
- Junaidi, L., Sudibyo, A., and Hendarti., 2007, Penelitian Ekstraksi Theobromine Dari Biji Kakao, Jornal of Agro-Based Industry, 24(1) : 9-20.
- Kuncoro, B., Maghfiroh, R.C., and Rochmat, A., 2014, Uji Kesesuaian Kromatografi Cair Kinerja inggi Fase Terbalik Pada Bahan Baku Parasetamol, Farmagazine, 1(2) : 35-41
- Lim, T.K., 2012, Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants, Fruits, Springer Science Business Media B.V.
- Maramis, R. K., Citraningtyas, G., Wehantouw, F., 2013, Analisa Kafein dalam Kopi Bubuk di Kota Manado Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, Vol 2(4) : 122-128
- Marliana, S. D., Suryanti, V., Suyono., 2005, Skrining Fitokimia dan Analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Komponen Kimia Buah Labu Siam (Schiumedule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam Ekstrak Etanol, Biofarmasi, 3(1) : 26-31
- Meng, C. C., Jalil, A. M. M., and Ismail, A., 2009, Phenolic and Theobromine Contents of Commercial Dark, Milk, and White Chocolates on The Malaysia Market, Molecules, 14 (1) : 200-209.
- Pavia, D., 1973, Coffee, Tea, or Cocoa, A Trio of Experiments Including The Isolation of Theobromine from Cocoa, J. Chem, 50(11) : 791–792.
- Rodriguez-Campos, J., Escalona-BuendÃa, H. B., Contreras-Ramos, S. M., Orozco-Avila, I., Jaramillo-Flores, E., and Lugo-Cervantes, E., 2012, Effect Of Fermentation Time And Drying Temperature On Volatile Compounds In Cocoa. Food Chemistry. (132) : 277-288.
- Tarigan, E. Y., 2012, Optimasi dan Validasi Metode Analisis Rabeprazol dalam Plasma In Vitro secara Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Skripsi. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
- Yunita, M. S. R., 2012, Validasi Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi Fase Terbalik Pada Penetapan Kadar Kafein Dan Teobromin Dalam Cokelat Bubuk Merk “Xâ€, Skripsi, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
Similar Articles
- Siti Nur Zubaidah, Tri Cahyani Widiastuti, Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah, UJI ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL (ALT) DAN ANGKA KAPANG KHAMIR (AKK) PADA JAMU GENDONG KUNIR ASAM DAN BERAS KENCUR DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KECAMATAN KUWARASAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Tika Camelia Camelia, Muh Husnul Khuluq, Tri Cahyani Widiastuti, Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotika Pada Pasien Demam Tifoid di Puskesmas Petanahan Periode Januari-Juni 2019 , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Sukma Edhie Febrialfiyan, Laeli Fitriyati, Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah, KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNIR PUTIH (Curcuma Mangga Val.) DAN DAUN MANGGA ARUMANIS (Mangifera Indica. L. Var. Arumanis) DALAM MENGHAMBAT BAKTERI Staphylococcus Aureus , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Eka Rezki Tri Nafarina, Chondrosuro Miyarso, Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah, UJI SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN AKUADES DAUN GANITRI (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb.) TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina Leach , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Yuliana Diah Pratiwi, Endang Yuniarti, Eka Wuri Handayani, GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN SWAMEDIKASI ANALGESIK DI APOTEK NGIJO KECAMATAN ROWOKELE KABUPATEN KEBUMEN , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Luluk Nur Ichda Fauziah, Chondrosuro Miyarso, Laeli Fitriyati, PERBANDINGAN KESTABILAN WARNA SEDIAAN LIP CREAM DARI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis) DAN BERAS MERAH (Oriza nivara) SEBAGAI ZAT WARNA ALAMI , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Satria Eta Mulyana, Laeli Fitriyati, Titi Pudji Rahayu, Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah, UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KITOSAN CANGKANG YUTUK (Emerita sp.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Eka Febriyanti, Diani Mega Sari, Ghalib Syukrillah Syahputra, Nahrul Hasan, Ayu Amelia, Rastria Meilanda, KENDALA RETENSI TERAPI ANTIRETROVIRAL (ARV) PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS DI RSUD DR MOEWARDI (RSDM) SURAKARTA JAWA TENGAH , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Riscky Cahyo Widodo, Muh Husnul Khuluq, Eka Wuri Handayani, STUDI ETNOBOTANI PENGGUNAAN TANAMAN BERKHASIAT OBAT PADA MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN MIRIT KABUPATEN KEBUMEN JAWA TENGAH , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
- Nurramadhani A. Sida, Evaluasi Toksisitas Akut Kulit Batang Manihot esculenta Crantz. : Pendekatan In Silico dan In Vitro , Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains: Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasi Klinik dan Sains
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.