Dampak Psikologis Gempa Bumi terhadap Kelompok Rentan : Lansia

Mutianingsih Mutianingsih; Mustikasari Mustikasari

doi:10.26753/jikk.v15i1.290

Dampak Psikologis Gempa Bumi terhadap Kelompok Rentan : Lansia

Mutianingsih Mutianingsih, Mustikasari Mustikasari

= https://doi.org/10.26753/jikk.v15i1.290

Abstract views = 4302 times |

views = 433 times

views = 590 times

Abstract

Abstrak

Gempa bumi merupakan salah satu bencana yang paling mengancam kehidupan. Terjadinya gempa bumi dapat berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan, dimana salah satunya adalah aspek psikologis. Lansia merupakan salah satu kelompok rentan dalam managemen bencana, sehingga dampak psikologis akan lebih rentan dialami lansia dibandingkan dengan usia yang lebih muda. Berdasarkan telaah literatur didapatkan bahwa dampak psikologis yang terjadi pada survivor lansia pasca gempa bumi yaitu kecemasan, depresi dan post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Beberapa faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya berbagai dampak psikologis pada survivor lansia diantaranya usia, jenis kelamin, keterbatasan fisik, penurunan fungsi kognitif dan keterpaparan terhadap gempa bumi serta terjadinya cedera atau kehilangan orang yang dicintai. Diperlukan suatu upaya kesiapsiagaan guna meminimalisir terjadinya dampak psikologis pada korban lansia.

Kata Kunci: dampak psikologis, gempa bumi, lansia

Abstract

An earthquake is one of the most life-threatening disaster. The occurrence of earthquake can affect various aspects of life, wich one of them is a psychological aspect. Elderly is one of the vulnerable groups in disaster management, so that the psychological impact will be more susceptible in elderly compared to younger age. Based on the literature review, it was found that the psychological impact of post-earthquake in elderly survivors was anxiety, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Factors that contribute to the occurrence of various psychological impacts on elderly survivors include age, gender, physical limitations, decreased of cognitive function and exposure to earthquakes with injury or loss of loved ones. A preparedness effort is needed to minimize the psychological impacts on elderly survivor.

Keyword : psychological impact, earthquake, elderly

Full Text:

PDF PDF

References

Allen, J., Brown, L. M., Alpass, F. M., & Stephens, C. V. (2018). Longitudinal health and disaster impact in older New Zealand adults in the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake series. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 61(7), 701–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2018.1494073

APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Farooqui, M., Quadri, S. A., Suriya, S. S., Khan, M. A., Ovais, M., Sohail, Z., … Hassan, M. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(2), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029

Feder, A., Ahmad, S., Lee, E. J., Morgan, J. E., Singh, R., Smith, B. W., … Charney, D. S. (2013). Coping and PTSD symptoms in Pakistani earthquake survivors : Purpose in life , religious coping and social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1–3), 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.027

Fried, E. I., Nesse, R. ., Guille, C., & Sen, S. (2015). The differential influence of life stress on individual symptoms of depression, (6), 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12395

Greaves, L. M., Milojev, P., Huang, Y., Stronge, S., & Osborne, D. (2015). Regional Differences in the Psychological Recovery of Christchurch Residents Following the 2010 / 2011 Earthquakes : A Longitudinal Study, (September 2010), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124278

Hoffman, S. (2009). Preparing for Disaster : Protecting the Most Vulnerable in Emergencies. U.C. Davis Law Review, 42(April), 1491–1547. https://doi.org/http://ssrn.com/abstract=1268277

Jia, Z., Tian, W., Liu, W., Cao, Y., Yan, J., & Shun, Z. (2010). Are the elderly more vulnerable to psychological impact of natural disaster? A population-based survey of adult survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-172

Liang, Y. (2016). Depression and anxiety among elderly earthquake survivors in. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316639437

Long, J., Huang, X., Liao, Y., Hu, X., Hu, J., Lui, S., … Gong, Q. (2014). Prediction of post-earthquake depressive and anxiety symptoms: a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06423

Mary, J., Derivois, D., & Cedex, B. (2014). Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. Journal of Affective Disorders, 159, 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025

Naeem, F., Ayub, M., Masood, K., Gul, H., Khalid, M., Farrukh, A., … Rasheed, H. (2011). Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of PTSD : 18 months after Kashmir earthquake in Pakistan. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130(1–2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.035

Parker, G., Lie, D., Siskind, D. J., Martin-Khan, M., Raphael, B., Crompton, D., & Kisely, S. (2016). Mental health implications for older adults after natural disasters - A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610215001210

Parker, M., & Steenkamp, D. (2012). The economic impact of the Canterbury earthquakes major earthquakes. Reserve Bank of New Zealand: Bulletin, 75(3), 13–25.

Sakauye, K. M., Streim, J. E., Kennedy, G. J., Kirwin, P. D., Llorente, M. D., Schultz, S. K., & Srinivasan, S. (2009). AAGP Position Statement : Disaster Preparedness for Older Americans : Critical Issues for the Preservation of Mental Health. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(11), 916–924. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181b4bf20

Sangkala, M. S., & Gerdtz, M. F. (2018). Disaster preparedness and learning needs among community health nurse coordinators in South Sulawesi Indonesia. Australasian Emergency Care, 21(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2017.11.002

Stuart, G. W. (2013). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby.

Terriquez-Kasey, L. (2015). DISASTER PREPAREDNESS EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR ELDERS IN THE COMMUNITY : THE GERIATRIC PASSPORT PROJECT. Binghamton University.

Townsend, M. C. (2013). Essential of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing : Concepst of Care in Evidence Based-Paractice. Philadelphia: F.A Davis Company.

Wang, B., Ni, C., Chen, J., Liu, X., Wang, A., Shao, Z., … Yan, Y. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder 1 month after 2008 earthquake in China : Wenchuan earthquake survey. Psychiatry Research, 187(3), 392–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.001

Wu, Z., Xu, J., & He, L. (2014). Psychological consequences and associated risk factors among adult survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, 1–11.

Xu, J., & Song, X. (2011). A cross-sectional study among survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake: Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder. General Hospital Psychiatry, 33(4), 386–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.05.004

Zhang, Z., Shi, Z., Wang, L., & Liu, M. (2012). Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression among the elderly: A survey of the hard-hit areas a year after the wenchuan earthquake. Stress and Health, 28(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1403

Zhang, Z., Wang, W., Shi, Z., Wang, L., & Zhang, J. (2012). Mental Health Problems among the Survivors in the Hard-Hit Areas of the Yushu Earthquake, 7(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046449